But, for this promise to be realized, the level of heterosis must be adequate. It is the first crop in production more than any other cereal crop in the country. Such analysis facilitate the selection of parental genotypes with a high probability of heterosis in their f 1 progeny. Heterosis is an additional gain above the average genetic level of the two parent breeds. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of. Heterosis studies for yield and its components in bread wheat over. Selection under crossbreeding 457 triple cross, while this distinction is clear using three vs. Through better root development, better fertilizeruse efficiency, and other agronomic factors, farmers get more consistency with hybrid wheat, rich says. Pdf heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat.
Heterosis in wheat under contrasting water regimes. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its. Over half of all ethiopian farmers grow maize, mostly for subsistence, with 75% of all maize produced in the country is consumed as human food. However, heterosis for grain yield per spike, dwarf plant height and tillers per plant contributed maximum towards yield heterosis. Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and its attributing traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Pdf heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread. Sorghum, line x tester analysis, combining ability and standard heterosis panicle, starch content %, protein content % and grain yield per plant g. Heterosis is the increase or decrease in vigour of hybrids when compared with that of its parents sharif et al. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat triticum. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of a new. The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general combining ability gca and specific combining ability sca were examined during rabi crop season of 202014 in hexaploid wheat genotypes. Rahul singh rajput and vs kandalkar the present investigation was undertaken to study the combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and its components in f 1 generation of wheat through line x tester analysis. Pdf manipulation of heterosis is considered to be a vital approach to enhance the yield potential of wheat and is as accepted to be a safe. Combining ability and heterosis effects in wheat 597 shoran et al.
Heterotic studies in spring wheat across two environments by. In addition to being an economically combining ability analysis is one of the powerful tools important crop, maize has genetic characteristics that in identifying the best combiners that may be used in allowed this species to be widely studied, thus crosses either to. Maize, general combing ability, specific combing ability, heterosis, grain yield. Does hybrid wheat lack heterosis linkedin slideshare. Heterosis and combining ability estimates in 6 x 6 halfdiallel crosses of durum wheat triticum durum desf. Studies have shown that the exploitation of heterosis has the potential to overcome the yield plateau in wheat. Heterotic qtl for grain yield mapped near low r pericentromeric regions i. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. Studies on heterosis and combining ability for yield. Heterosis and combining ability for plant height and its. Heterosis in grain yield and biomass over both the mid and better parents was shown by more than half of the crosses studied. One f1 common wheat hybrid zlatna dolina x primepi which had exhibited significant heterosis in a previous study was compared with 32 f7 lines selected from the same cross. Heterosis and combining ability analysis were studied in a 7 x 7 diallel set of bread wheat. Heterosis is defined as the percentage of hybrid over the parental mean and generally high heterosis values are desirable for grain yield in maize.
Research article implications of heterosis and combining ability among productive single cross hybrids in tomato l. Chambers, et al, 4, reported that in hogs, hybrid vigor is evident in number of pigs per litter, and litter weights at birth but it increases. Morphological and genetic basis of the expression of heterosis for yield and its components in hybrid winter wheat with t. Selected references these references are in pubmed. In selfpollinated crops, like wheat, the scope for utilization of heterosis depends mainly upon the direction and magnitude of heterosis. Percentage heterosis, heterosis yield, experimental hybrids yield, and inbreds yield of corn regressed on year of exp erimentation schnell, 1974. Heterosis and combining ability studies in maize zea mays l. Heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height. Hybrid wheat results in less variation in yield from year to year and field to field, says jon rich, wheat breeder and product manager for syngenta cereals central plains region. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Kerkhi department of genetics and plant breeding, sardar vallabhbhai patel university of agriculture and technology, meerut 250 110, india email. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variance due to gca among the parent for all the traits, studied. Manipulation of heterosis is an important strategy for increasing the yield potential of wheat rauf et al.
It refers to the superiority of f 1 over the standard commercial check variety. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of a. After maize hybrid was first utilized in field on a large scale in usa in 1930s, heterosis of other crops such as rice, sorghum, rape, and vegetable etc began to be widely used in production, and had made great achievements in crop breeding by the end of last century, mainly contributed to notable increasing of crop yield. Hybrid wheat heterosis was first reported in wheat by freeman 1919 for plant height.
Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of u. Combining ability and heterosis in maize zea mays l. Maize, heterosis, combining ability, gene action, yield maize zea mays l. Methods the inbred lines from an association mapping panel were crossed to a common inbred line, b73, to generate nearly 300 hybrid genotypes. Edwards heterosis is the foundation of modern maize breeding programs. Despite its importance in maize production, we know surprisingly little about the genetic basis of heterosis. Background heterosis describes the superior phenotypes observed in hybrids relative to their inbred parents. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. Heterosis for yield and agronomic attributes in diverse. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yeild traits. Combining ability and heterosis of selected grain and.
Plant height dwarfness is desirable trait for wheat crop hence negative heterosis is favourable to avoid lodging thus producing stable yield. Pdf combining ability and heterosis analysis for yield. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its. The scope for crop among the cereals and is the principal food crop in utilization of heterosis largely depends on the direction most areas of the world. Jun 29, 2007 heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height.
The highest heterosis over mid and better parent as well as economic heterosis for grain yield was recorded in dashen x medawelabu hybrid with corresponding values of 63, 52 and 44%, respectively. The wheat crop productivity in brazil average of 2. The study of heterosis helps the breeders in eliminating less 1 generation itself. Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents.
Combing ability, gene action and heterosis estimation in. Gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variance due to gca among the parent for all. In this study, heterosis in plant height was determined in two wheat hybrids, and it was found that the increased elongation. The breeding material was comprised of four parents. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yeild traits of.
Triticum aestivum l, diallel cross, choice of parents, hybrid vigor. Heterosis is manifested in increased size, growth rate, and other parameters in the f 1 generation in crosses between inbred lines, and exploitation of heterosis is largely responsible for the tremendous increase in maize yield in the united states between the1930s. It is cultivated in a wider range of environments than wheat and rice because of its greater adaptability koutsikasotiriou. Heterosis studies in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Pdf estimation of heterosis in wheat triticum aestivum l. Combining ability for growth parameter and yield components were evaluated in a 7. Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8. Heterosis o vigor hibrido by luis alberto chaponan rodriguez. Individual mean performance of parents and crosses for grain yield. In case of pseudoheterosis, the f1 hybrid exhibits increase in vegetative growth only.
The full text of this article is available as a pdf 1. The latter was estimated in comparison to commercial varieties. Plant breeders have widely exploited and used heterosis in boosting up yield of many crops. Patil abstract ten tomato commercial and productive single cross hybrids extensively grown in northern transitional zone of karnataka. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is the increased performance of hybrid progeny compared to their inbred parents.
The rejection of crosses, which shows no heterosis. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and. Various models have been posited to explain heterosis, including dominance, overdominance, and pseudooverdominance. Since then, there have been several reports on heterosis in wheat since then. Wheat, breeding, gca, sca, heterosis, heterobeltiosis. Heterosis for yield and agronomic attributes in diverse maize. Research article implications of heterosis and combining. Eight spring wheat genotypes were crossed in half diallel fashion for heterosis, heterobeltosis and inbreeding depression studies. Department of plant breeding and genetics, rajasthan agricultural university, s. This study suggested that both inter and intra allelic interactions were involved in the expression of the traits. Estimates of heterosis and combining ability in winter wheat. Six traits including plant height, flag leaf area, number of.
Heterotic studies in spring wheat across two environments. The present investigation entitled combining ability and heterosis for morphophysiological characters in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. The individual comparisons of means table 3 revealed that the parent pothowar73 had the highest value for gyp while lasani08 has the lowest mean value under normal conditions. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its components in bread wheat triticum aestivum l.
Combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield. Pdf analysis of heterosis and combining ability in bread. Save nature to survive heterosis studies for yield component. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its contributing traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Maize is a model system for studying heterosis due to the high levels of yield heterosis and commercial use of hybrids. Heterosis and combing ability in f1 population of hexaploid.
Heterosis is the phenomenon in which the cross of two inbreed lines produce hybrid that is superior in growth, size yield, or vigor of the f1 over the better parent lippman and zamir, 2007. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield. Combining ability and heterosis for morphophysiological. Heterosis and combining ability studies in maize zea maysl. Heterosis is a term used in genetics and breeding and is also known as hybrid vigor. In addition to being an economically combining ability analysis is one of the powerful tools important crop, maize has genetic characteristics that in identifying the best combiners that may be used in allowed this species to be widely studied, thus crosses either to exploit heterosis or to accumulate. Dominance of linked factors as a means of accounting for heterosis. It is a versatile crop with wider genetic variability and able to grow successfully throughout the world covering tropical, subtropical and temperate agroclimatic conditions. Wheat yield and production in kosovo depend on the quality of imported seed varieties, mainly from the region fetahu et al. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat. The bonus from heterosis should be approximately 5% for production and 10% for mortality, fertility, health and survival. In several outcrossing crop plant species, hybrid varieties have already.
Despite promising superior performance, hybrid wheat currently occupies only a niche. However, the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. Heterosis is a complex phenomenon, which depends on the balance of different combinations of gene effects as well as on the distribution of plus and minus alleles in the parents of a mating system. Study of heterosis for grain yield and its components. The relationship between heterosis and combining ability effect.
The study of combining ability and heterosis effect in hexaploid wheat group was carried out using crosses between thirteen inbred lines of common wheat 6 lines x 7 testers and interspecies crosses t. So, it is also called economic heterosis or superiority over checks sharief et al. Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and component. The aim of research was to determine mode of inheritance level of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for plant height ph. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse. Ismail agronomy department, faculty of agriculture, fayoum university, 63514fayoum, egypt corresponding author abstract introduction wheat triticum aestivum l. Ir36 and ir42 yield 45 tha in wet season trials and 78 tha in dry season trials. The objective of this report was to study the importan ce of heterosis on prcweaning and weaning traits among crosses of the hereford, angus, and charolais breeds. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and quality. Shull 1952 coined the term heterosis and defined it as. Combining ability and heterosis of selected grain and forage.